Table of Contents:

* 1. The Rationalistic Objections to Penal Substitute

* 2. Definitions and Statement of the Issue

* 3. Objections Examine

* 4. The Utilitarian Theory of Punishments

* 5. Retribution not Revenge

* 6. The Witness of Human Consciousness and Experience

* 7. Our Opponents' Self Contradiction

* 8. The Ethical Objections Considered

* 9. What Scripture says of Substitution

* 10. The Testimony of Christendom

* 11. Conclusion

Author

Robert Lewis Dabney (March 5, 1820 – January 3, 1898) was an American Christian theologian, a Southern Presbyterian pastor, and Confederate Army chaplain. He was also chief of staff and biographer to Stonewall Jackson.